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Salon international du livre d'Alger: Les contrebandiers de l'Histoire - Algerie360
Par Abdelhakim MEZIANI
Le romancier Rachid Boudjedra est assurément un auteur particulièrement subtil, voire iconoclaste, diront certains esprits que son engagement et sa hargne glacent quand ils ne les horripilent pas.
Le piège dont il a été victime à l’instigation d’une chaîne de télévision privée illustre merveilleusement bien une des nombreuses réactions qu’il suscite. Un piège qu’il qualifiera, la mort dans l’âme, d’acte terroriste. Pour de nombreux critiques littéraires, l’auteur de La Répudiation fait partie de la lignée de nos plus grands écrivains tant par la puissance de souffle que par la densité du mot au moment même où d’aucuns lui reprochent sa prédilection pour l’ésotérisme. Un tel jugement de valeur ne le déstabilise nullement puisqu’il vous répondra non sans son énigmatique sourire: «Oui, il y a des gens qui me considèrent comme un écrivain ésotérique et c’est vrai! Je suis très fier de l’être». Il est, de l’avis de nombreux critiques littéraires, l’homme par qui le scandale arrive sempiternellement. Hors normes, convient-il de renchérir. Il a beau confesser qu’il aime les mots, qu’il a vécu dans un environnement fait de mots pour mieux justifier la dimension poétique de ses titres, qu’il n’aime pas le sensationnel, mais il n’arrive pas à convaincre son monde.
Nombreux étaient pourtant, à l’occasion de sa conférence de presse du Palais des expositions, à le croire un tant soit peu: «J’aime les mots. J’ai vécu dans un environnement fait de mots. Et c’est cela qui explique pourquoi mes titres sont poétiques. Je n’aime pas le sensationnel. Mes titres ne sont pas sensationnels. Ce sont juste des titres à résonnance poétique», a-t-il confié. Militant engagé au service de la justice sociale et de l’idéal démocratique et irascible chantre du matérialisme historique, il ne surprend personne au Sila lorsqu’il se présente comme un antihéros. Les personnages que j’imagine sont fragiles et marginaux. J’écris pour respirer. L’écriture est un acte libérateur. C’est une thérapie». Héritier s’il en est de Kateb Yacine, Rachid Boudjedra ne trouve aucune excuse à toute la littérature ambiante en relation avec l’histoire de notre pays. Sans aucune retenue, encore moins de diplomatie, il déroule son implacable sentence: «Ces écrits, pour la plupart, sont médiocres. Je réagis à ceux qui falsifient notre Histoire. On est dans une écriture nombriliste». Avec Les Contrebandiers de l’Histoire, sa réaction est implacable, voire brutale.: «Dans ce livre, je réagis à ceux qui falsifient notre Histoire et qui donnent une fausse image de notre pays. Selon des propos rapportés par notre confrère Yacine Idjer, il s’est dit désolé de voir qu’aujourd’hui il existe chez certains Algériens «une tendance de la haine de soi».
Boudjedra et les Contrebandiers de l’Histoire
Dans ce rapport à l’Histoire, l’Anep n’a pas été du reste et la grande surprise de cette année est symbolisée par le footballeur Hamid Zouba. Ma vie, ma passion est une oeuvre qui permet à son auteur de rendre un hommage appuyé à l’Equipe du FLN qui porta la voix de l’Algérie à partir de 1958, nous apprend Asia Baz, directrice des éditions: «Cette équipe a été constituée par des joueurs professionnels internationaux, évoluant en Europe, ils auraient pu avoir de brillantes carrières footballistiques. Ils ont tourné le dos à cette réussite pour porter le maillot de l’Algérie et porter la voix du peuple à travers le sport, c’est énorme. Les membres de l’équipe sportive du FLN disparaissent hélas, les uns après les autres, leur rendre hommage est un devoir de mémoire.» L’intérêt pour l’histoire de cette entreprise publique s’est traduit aussi par la publication de nombreux témoignages, biographies, des compilations d’articles: «A l’exemple de la publication de Mohand Tahar Zeggagh Vérités sur les crimes de l’OAS, un méticuleux travail de recherche qui a beaucoup servi pour les universitaires. Nous travaillons sur l’Histoire sur différents angles, le sport entre autres et le football à travers ces deux précieux ouvrages de Hamid Zouba et Ahmed Bessol Lahouari». Les préoccupations de Rachid Boudjedra et la volonté affichée par les maisons d’édition d’investir le champ historique ne sont pas sans rencontrer une réalité tangible.
Des difficultés où les silences convergent avec l’absence de nouvelles sources ne sont pas sans effet sur les analyses, sur le choix et sur la délimitation de l’objet d’étude. L’occultation des discontinuités réduit du coup toute prétention à l’analyse théorique: «Or, s’il faut encore pouvoir accéder aux faits qui sont tus ou négligés et malgré les difficultés, cela ne justifie pas cette hâte et les récentes tendances un peu trop faciles à la théorisation comme l’a qualifié René Galissot»,, soutient le sociologue Kamel Bouguessa. Comme de nombreux chercheurs mus par le sens de l’objectivité, il n’est pas loin de penser qu’il devient alors impérieux de rompre tant avec les séquelles de la doctrine chère à Althusser et du structuralisme qu’avec des conceptions qui, comme le relève Mohamed Harbi, visent, au mépris du réel, à réduire l’histoire immédiate aux faits et gestes d’un groupe d’hommes, voire à une biographie des directions. Un regret cependant qu’il convient d’inscrire au passif des organisateurs du Sila 2018. L’hommage au rôle moteur joué par le GPRA dans le Mouvement national aurait dû être étendu à son deuxième président, Benyoucef Ben Khedda pour ne pas le désigner.
Benyoucef Benkhedda, le grand absent
Nous en aurions tiré des enseignements avérés. Pour l’auteur de Les origines du 1er Novembre 1954 (Editions Dahlab), l’histoire n’a d’intérêt que dans la mesure où l’on sait en tirer les leçons: «Autant alors puiser ces leçons dans notre patrimoine et dans les enseignements de notre passé, plutôt que d’aller les chercher ailleurs dans l’expérience d’autres pays.» Cependant, il n’hésite pas à reconnaître que l’écriture de l’histoire, «une histoire qu’on a vécue soi-même», n’est pas chose aisée. Elle peut donner lieu, et c’est lui qui souligne, à des règlements de comptes, comme elle peut être faussée par le subjectivisme et quelquefois la mythomanie: «N’a-t-on pas vu des gens s’attribuer les mérites d’actions qu’ils n’ont jamais réalisées et se faire passer pour des personnages qu’ils n’ont jamais été.» En d’autres termes, il faut donc prendre garde aux déformations et aux falsifications qui, à force de se répéter sans essuyer le moindre démenti, finissent par s’ériger en vérité officielle. A l’appui de ses dires, l’ancien président du G.P.R.A. invoquera les résultats déplorables dans les manuels scolaires qui n’en sont plus à une contrevérité près.