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L’artiste peintre nous a quittés le 1er décembre 1985: Djaâfar Inal évoque M’hamed Issiakhem - Algerie360
Envoyé par le GPRA poursuivre des études à Moscou, Djaâfar Inal revient à l’indépendance pour rejoindre Kateb Yacine et M’hamed Issiakhem à Alger républicain. De cette épopée, l’ancien journaliste natif de Tlemcen tire des enseignements utiles et aborde ici la personnalité et les tendances esthétiques de l’artiste peintre Issiakhem dont nous avons commémoré, ce 1er décembre, le 33e anniversaire de sa disparition.
Liberté : Décédé le 1er décembre 1985 à l’âge de 57 ans, peut-on avancer qu’Issiakhem, artiste peintre flamboyant à la fois par son talent et par le travail acharné au service de son art, est en quelque sorte le fondateur de la peinture moderne algérienne ?
Djaâfar Inal : M’hamed Issiakhem meurt à Alger le 1er décembre 1985 au petit matin. Dans ses papiers un écrit de sa main sur une feuille : “La haine est sainte. Elle est l’indignation des cœurs forts et puissants. Le dédain militant de ceux qui fâchent la médiocratie et la sottise. Haïr c’est aimer, c’est sentir son âme chaude et généreuse, c’est vivre largement du mépris des choses honteuses et bâtes. La haine soulage, la haine fait justice, la haine grandit. Je me suis senti plus jeune et plus courageux après chacune de mes révoltes contre la platitude de mon âge. J’ai fait de la haine et de la fierté mes deux hôtesses ; je me suis plu à m’isoler, et, dans mon isolement, à haïr ce qui blessait le juste et le vrai. Si je vaux quelque chose aujourd’hui, c’est que je suis seul et que je hais.” En était-il l’auteur ?
Justement, dans quelles circonstances avez-vous rencontré Issiakhem ? Et comment appréhendez-vous le personnage ?
J’ai connu le même jour Kateb Yacine et M’hamed Issiakhem à Paris en juin 1962. Avec Boualem, dans l’appartement de Françoise Prévost, artiste française, nous avons tenu une réunion pour la reparution du journal Alger républicain. Puis je les revis à Alger en septembre ; ils venaient renforcer la rédaction, le journal avait déjà trois mois d’existence. M’hamed, dans son cagibi du 2, rue Berlioz, croquait les esquisses de dessins et illustrations qu’il reprenait ensuite à l’encre de Chine. Quotidiennement paraissait le dessin de M’hamed en une, pour commenter un événement, fustiger les bourgeois, appuyer une campagne de solidarité ou appeler à l’union. Il illustrait également les feuilletons et les pages spéciales des fêtes de Mai, de l’Indépendance. Interrogé quelques années plus tard sur son rôle de dessinateur à Alger républicain, il me répondit : “Je n’ai pas fait des dessins de presse pour être un dessinateur humoristique. J’étais constamment à la recherche de personnages, de situations pour mettre à la disposition du public le journal, pour lui permettre de participer à la lecture du journal.” Yacine, notre aîné dans le journalisme, outre son billet quotidien souvent au vitriol, comme celui de “La pucelle d’Orléans”, repiquait avec nous les dépêches d’agences, donnait un coup de main à “la régionale”, ou aidait “la sportive”, corrigeait les épreuves ou titrait les légendes des photos. Ce fut pour toute l’équipe de la rédaction, une dizaine de journalistes seulement, un travail dur, harassant, mais combien exaltant.
Le terrible drame qu’il a vécu à l’âge de 15 ans (explosion d’une grenade qui l’a laissé handicapé) a-t-il pesé dans sa vie et dans ses œuvres ?
Sans doute. Le 27 juillet 1943, M’hamed et quelques camarades de jeu volent du camp militaire américain installé dans l’école une caisse de grenades. Il en prend une qu’il cache chez lui. Le lendemain matin, il “joue” avec la grenade. Elle explose. Deux de ses sœurs (Saïda et Yasmine) et un neveu (Tarik) sont blessés mortellement. Trois autres membres de la famille sont blessés. De retour à la maison après une longue hospitalisation et en présence de toute la famille réunie pour la circonstance, sa mère, voyant son fils amputé, s’écrie : “Je ne t’ai pas mis au monde ainsi ! Sors de la maison !” “À l’hôpital, dit-il, j’ai été encouragé par une sœur religieuse, une infirmière, qui me ramenait des crayons de couleurs. Elle prenait ce que je faisais ; pour moi, ça n’avait pas beaucoup d’importance. Celle qui m’a encouragé, ce n’est pas ma mère, c’est une religieuse.”
On ne peut pas parler d’Issiakhem sans évoquer Kateb Yacine, Ali Zamoum et Younès Bouchek le psychiatre, tous marqués par leur tempérament indépendant et des convictions libertaires chevillées. Comment décrypter l’amitié et la complicité de cette “bande infernale” ?
En avril 1952, M’hamed est présenté à Kateb Yacine, alors journaliste à Alger républicain, par Mahmoud Choukri Mesli, son condisciple d’école. Kateb Yacine était accompagné de Arman Gatti, chroniqueur judiciaire au Parisien libéré, venu à Alger couvrir le procès des militants de l’OS (Organisation spéciale). “La première rencontre fut plutôt fraîche”, me dira Kateb Yacine. Mais très vite, une solide amitié les liera, qui dura plus de trois décennies.
Prise comme modèle récurrent de la mère, de la militante, de la guerrière dans le combat libérateur, la femme reste le personnage central qui irradie toute l’œuvre d’Issiakhem ; comment l’expliquez-vous ?
Je me réfère à ce qu’il avait dit sur le sujet. Dans une interview accordée à un cinéaste algérien, Issiakhem déclare : La femme, pour moi, c’est la source. Je suis fidèle à la condition de la femme qui vit intensément sa condition de femme d’abord… La femme… mais c’est un sujet très abstrait, c’est un sujet très abstrait qui me situe d’abord du point de vue plastique… La femme pour moi, c’est quoi ?
C’est la source. C’est un sujet immense, illimité. Tu constateras dans mon œuvre que c’est apparemment le même personnage qui revient, mais dis-moi s’il n’y a pas de différence entre une œuvre et l’autre.
On dirait peut-être que ce sont toutes nos femmes ! Non, c’est la même qui se transforme, qui évolue, qui dégénère, qui progresse et tout cela en même temps. C’est une espèce de jeu entre elle et moi. D’ailleurs, c’est elle qui m’aide à aller chaque fois plus loin. Je dis qu’il n’y a pas plus beau qu’une maternité… Ma mère était très riche en couleurs. Ce sont ces couleurs-là qui me reviennent…
Peintre prolifique et généreux, Issiakhem a été le créateur d’une œuvre aujourd’hui éparpillée un peu partout. Où se trouvent actuellement ses œuvres principales ?
Les œuvres se trouvent au MaMa (Musée d’art moderne contemporain) d’Alger. C’est un don d’un couple d’Algériens.
Issiakhem était connu pour son anticonformisme proverbial. On raconte qu’en 1973, lors de la Foire nationale d’Alger, chargé de décorer le stand du ministère du Travail, dirigé alors par Mohand Saïd Mazouzi, le célèbre peintre n’avait rien trouvé de mieux que de ramener une chèvre pour conférer aux lieux un certain parfum de campagne, voire une certaine authenticité pastorale, embarrassant bien des officiels, à la veille de l’inauguration de la Foire par Boumediene. Souvenez-vous de cette anecdote ?
Oui tout à fait, il y en a d’autres aussi, comme celle se rapportant à son fameux vélo ou aux fuseaux horaires d’Alger à Baïnem…
Les années 60-70 ont constitué une période faste de la peinture algérienne : Issiakhem, Mohamed Khadda, Baya, Omar et Mohamed Racim. Qu’en est-il aujourd’hui de la relève ?
Précédée talentueusement par Abdelwahab Mokrani, une bonne moisson de jeunes talents, en pensant particulièrement à Arezki Larbi, Yahia Abdelmalek, Amar Bouras, Mounia Lazali, Maya Bencheikh-Lefgoun, Mehdi Djelil. Il faut peut-être préciser qu’Issiakhem a réalisé aussi les maquettes de billets de banque algériens et étrangers, de timbres-poste, de tapisserie et nombre de portraits, dont ceux du Cardinal Duval et du «Cardinal» El Anka.
Y. A.